a new source of inefficiency due to the inappropriate choice of price in data envelopment analysis

Data envelopment analysis (dea) is a useful tool for identifying well-performing (efficient) decision-making units (dmus). in dea, those units that are not placed on the efficiency frontier are considered to be inefficient units. identifying inefficiency sources can help turn the units into more efficient ones. therefore, studying inefficiencies are of utmost importance. the present paper aims to propose a cost production-possibility set (pps) in a non-competitive environment (where prices can vary from one dmu to another) and to propose a new inefficiency source for dmus based on the inappropriate choice of price by evaluating dmus and comparing them with the cost production-possibility set frontier introduced in tone, tsutsui (2007).