a review on amoxicillin degradation by photocatalysts in contaminated waters

In recent years, due to the continuous introduction of antibiotics into the environmental cycle and high resistance of them against degradation, they have caused a lot of environmental hazards. the photocatalytic oxidation, which is currently one of the newest methods for the removal of organic pollutants, by the creation of free oh radicals that are high reactivity, can remove pollutions, especially antibiotics, from the environment and wastewater. amoxicillin (amx) as an antibiotic has the highest intake. therefore, this paper attempts to review the photocatalysts for amoxicillin elimination. in most of the researches that have been studied in this review, parameters such as ph, temperature, catalyst type, type of light source, reaction time, the type of reactor used in the test, the amount of catalyst and the initial concentration were summarized in photocatalytic amoxicillin degradation. most of the researchers use tio2 as an active phase and improve its performance using different promoters that were tabulated in this review. other active sites such as zno and wo3 are also utilized for this purpose that is reviewed.