c-c coupling reactions catalyzed by fe3o4@pta-pd as recyclable and efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst

Today, one of the major concerns of the global vision of world economy is the ability to meet the challenges of energy and sustainability. catalysts can help in meeting these challenges through to develop greener synthetic routes to produce industrially important organic chemicals [1]. a stable heterogeneous catalyst is proving to be an excellent “green” catalyst; heterogeneous catalysts have many advantages such as reusability and ease to purify the product [2]. in this regard, the immobilisation of homogeneous catalysts onto magnetic nanoparticles for prepare heterogeneous catalysts have been one of interesting subjects of scientific study because of their interesting properties, including high readily available, high surface area, high dispersion and reactivity with a high degree of chemical stability. a further advantage for these nanoparticles, is that can be efficiently isolated from the reaction mixture through a simple magnetic separation [3].the use of supported pd complex on magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and green catalyst for the suzuki, stille and heck cross-coupling reaction is presented. the present research is focused on investigation of recycling, reusability and stability of the catalyst in the phase reaction. the recycled fer3ror4r@pta-pd catalyst was used at least five times with comparable activities to that of fresh catalyst (cheme 1). the catalytic coupling of 4-bromotoluene as a reference reaction suggested that there were no leached palladiumin the reaction mixture. the structure of the catalyst characterized by tga, eds, icp–oes, xrd, vsm, ft-ir and sem analysis.