n-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their applications in catalytic reactions

Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis constitute the most important class of catalytic systems. catalyst systems based on homogeneous catalysts are more selective and efficient than heterogeneous systems. however, despite these advantages, most homogeneous catalysts have not found applications as widely as heterogeneous based catalytic systems, especially precious organometallic catalysts, mainly owing to their limited resources and technical difficulties such as their recycling and the resulting metal contamination of the fine products. in this study, we report synthesis and characterization of novel n-heterocyclic complexes comprising gold, silver and ruthenium metal ions. the characterization of these novel complexes will be discussed. the application of these complexes, in particular coupling reactions as well transfer hydrogenation reactions will be discussed.