decoration and functionalization of nanostructures for enzyme engineering: as stable and robust biocatalysts

Nowadays, enzymes are widely used as biocatalysts. they are accepted to be more economical and environmentally friendly due to their high efficiency, low cost, and excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. besides, they operate in shorter synthetic routes compared with the chemical catalysts.[1] notwithstanding all these advantages, the practical industrial application of enzymes in various processes are often limited by the unsatisfactory operational and storage stability, high sensitivity to the environmental conditions, the extensive incubation time, and the difficulties in recovery or reuse. [2-4] to overcome the above-mentioned limitations, we immobilization of enzymes on various supports is considered to be an impressive and economical strategy to improve the stability and facilitate separation from reaction systems.during the course of our research on the preparation of different nanostructures and also our interest in bio-catalytic reactions, we decorated and functionalized nanoparticles such as magnetic nanoparticles hierarchal nanostructures for mono and double enzyme immobilization.[5-8] the results of biocatalyst systems exhibited the substantial improvement of reactivity, reusability, and stability of enzymes because of this immobilization strategies.