waste-to-wealth: biowaste valorization into valuable (nano)catalysts

One of the biggest current challenges is environmental pollution which increasingly develops with passing time and causes serious and irreparable damage to the ecosystem. industrial wastes have become a great dilemma for developing, modern and postmodern countries as a result of technological activities. furthermore, unfavourable and improper disposal of decomposable biowaste leads tomajor environmental problems, including water pollution, odors, dust, ammonia and methane emission which can affect greenhouse gas emissions [1,2]. regarding these issues, attention to biowaste valorization into valuable materials have been on the rise; in order to avoid the as-mentioned problems and put a step forward to safer industrial productions. one of the fields for utilization of biowastes is preparation of (nano)catalysts. till now, there had been a wide progress in preparation of (nano)catalysts based on biopolymers or materials derived from residue of fruits, nuts, animals etc. as valuable biowastes [3,4]. the present work discuses extensively and comprehensively the biowastes used to prepare the new generation of safer and cheaper catalytic nanosystems.