a new bi-level mathematical model for solving the problem conservation of endangered species

One of the most challenging issues in the protection of endangered species, habitats, and ecosystems (we called them taxes) is their priority for (limited) budgeting because the lives of humans, creatures, plants, and the environment are closely related and interdependent. therefore, maximizing the diversity of species selected for conservation under limited budgets isone of the concerns of biologists and environmental activists. in this paper, we present a bi-level model to solve a spatial reserve selection under species diversity (sd) constraints. to measure species diversity, the relationship between species in terms of genetics, characteristics, appearance, biological characteristics, etc., is used and we use concepts called phylogenetic diversity (pd) and sd to measure the diversity of species. for these purposes, the concept of the splitsystem created by minh, klaere, and von haeseler (2010) is used as a measure of species diversity. in the paper, the history of the models performed on the problem is described and then we explain the basic concepts needed to build our model. the shortcomings of the latest modeling are explained. then in the main results, we propose a bi-level mathematical model for selecting space storage under sd constraints.