comparison of biological methods in the removal of nitrate and phosphate from municipal wastewater

Along with growing concerns about municipal wastewater discharge, the focus has shifted to finding some new and efficient ways to eliminate or reduce this environmental problem. hence, biological treatment combined with membrane systems are of the most promising methods. in this study, the nitrate, phosphate, and cod removal via three specified systems including membrane membrane bioreactor (mbr) with activated sludge, membrane photobioreactor (mpbr) with microalgae cultivation, and mixed culture (mbr+mpbr) were investigated. the results revealed that mixed culture system had the best performance in all sections. the highest cod, no3-, and po4-3 removals were reported for mixed culture with 97%, 91%, 85%, respectively.