novel polymer matrixes and nanocarriers in biosensing

Technogenic pressure on the environment significantly affects the pollution of water ‎resources. especially dangerous are xenobiotics – products of the chemical and ‎pharmaceutical industry, which negatively impact on the physiological state of living ‎organisms and have carcinogenic properties even at very low concentrations. conservation ‎and restoration of water resources is a huge problem for modern society. some xenobiotics, ‎apart from wastewater treatment plants, are also in the surface and underground waters, ‎because they were only partially removed in the process of the existing technological ‎schemes for cleaning of wastewater. one of such innovations is creation of highly sensitive ‎biosensors for analysis of the level of wastewater pollution. the studies of micro/nano-‎modified polymers will lead to the creation of devices with a significantly expanded range ‎of capabilities for detecting harmful contaminants. ‎the main aim of the research curried out was focused on the creation of new bio-‎recognizing layers based on enzymes for analytical purposes and novel polymer matrixes ‎and electroconductive micro/nanomaterials, which can be used for effective enzyme ‎immobilization.‎metal nanoparticles (nps) and highly dispersed inorganic materials were used as ‎nanocarriers of bioselective molecules. the synthesized novel polymer matrixes and ‎micro/nanomaterials were used for the construction of biorecognition layers of new ‎amperometric biosensors. special attention was paid to study the possible advantages of ‎nps compared with their micro-analogues, in particular, possibility of direct electrochemical ‎communication between enzymes and electrode surface in redox systems on the example ‎of laccase. in addition, a correlation was established between the network properties of the ‎biorecognizable layer (namely, free volume at the glass transition temperature tg and ‎coefficients of thermal expansion of free volume cavities in the regions below and above ‎tg, and their difference) and biosensor characteristics (in particular, maximum saturation ‎current, range of linearity, slope of the calibration curve, and the sensitivity of ‎bioelectrodes) to be considered as a possible way to control the biosensor’s parameters. ‎