the new approach to optimize laser in dentistry (femtosecond pulse)

There is a proven potential of femtosecond lasers for medical applications such as ear ‎surgery or dental surgery. its more than two decade tooth-tissue ablation has been explored ‎using holmium: yag and erbium: yag lasers, and others. the results, however, have ‎been unimpressive, as a result of thermal side effects and long processing times. other ‎damages to the tooth surfaces include cracking, melting, charring and inefficient material ‎removal is noticeable.‎the contact-free application of laser light for removal of hard dental tissue has been ‎studied as a strong tools for replacing conventional drilling instruments. conventional high ‎peak power lasers cause significant excess heat deposition in the tooth which may cause ‎pain for the patient. however, in recent years the development of high-average-power, ‎high-repetition-rate femtosecond lasers is resulting in an increasing interest in laser surgical ‎applications due to their precise and highlyeffective ablation capabilities and none or minimal thermal and shock wave collateral ‎damage. switching from nanosecond pulse to femtosecond pulse duration time regime and ‎increasing the laser peak intensity, it is possible to induce a different mechanism of laser-‎tissue removal. in this “electrostatic ablation” mechanism, the laser light is absorbed in a ‎small volume of material and electrons and then ions are ejected rapidly, reducing the heat ‎that is conducted to the surrounding tissue. the core of this presentation to describe more ‎precise ablation in dentin and enamel by using a femtosecond laser system with high ‎repetition rate. we also explain that femtosecond laser with a beam quality offers an ‎ablation tool for crack-free generation of cavitation with low energy pulses. ‎