a comparative theology on the problem of evil in islam and buddhism: exploring the doctrines of al-ibtila’ and dukkha

This comparative theological investigation critically examines the problem of evil within the specific religious contexts of islam and buddhism. the perennial inquiry into the existence of evil and its reconciliation with the benevolent attributes attributed to the divine has been a central theme in theological discussions across diverse religious traditions. employing a qualitative methodology grounded in comprehensive library research, the study scrutinizes primary religious texts, such as the quran and hadith in islam, and the tripitaka in buddhism, along with seminal works by influential scholars from both traditions. this research reveals distinct perspectives on the nature and origin of evil, with islam, rooted in monotheism, addressing the intricate interplay between divine justice and human free will. in contrast, buddhism, founded on non-theistic principles, shifts its emphasis from why evil exists to how one should respond to it, focusing on the contemplation of suffering and pathways to liberation. the findings underscore disparate theological trajectories, concluding with recommendations for fostering interfaith dialogue and understanding. the study advocates for a nuanced appreciation of the diverse responses to the problem of evil within these significant world religions.