ترتب از دیدگاه محقق نایینی و آثار فقهی مترتب بر آن

از مباحث مهم علم اصول که آثار فراوانی بر آن بار شده، بحث ترتب است و نخستین بار توسط محقق کرکی طرح شد؛ سپس محققان بعد از ایشان به آن پرداختند. در امکان ترتب، یعنی امکان به فعلیت‌رسیدن امرِ به مهم در صورت عصیان امر به اهم؛ اختلاف دیدگاه وجود دارد؛ برخی قائل به امتناع و عده‌ای قائل به امکان آن شده‌اند. از کسانی که دیدگاه دوم را اختیار کرده و بر امکان ترتب، برهان اقامه کرده‌‌اند، محقق نایینی است. ایشان بعد تنقیح وتشریح دقیق محلّ نزاع و تبیین آن و اینکه منشا تزاحم بین امر به اهم و امر به مهم، اطلاق آن دو است نه اصل دو خطاب، می‌فرماید که اگر لازمه ترتب، طلب جمع بین ضدین باشد - چنانچه قائلان به امتناع، توهّم کرده‌اند- استحاله و امتناع ترتب، بدیهی و ضروری است؛ زیرا مکلّف قادر بر امتثال ضدین در یک زمان نیست؛ امّا اینگونه نیست، بلکه لازمه‌اش، جمع بین ضدین است که با مشروط کردن امر به مهم به ترک امر به اهم و مترتب‌کردن امر به مهم بر ترک امر به اهم، بر طرف می‌شود. در این نوشتار، نخست ادلّه قائلان به امتناع ترتب نقل شده؛ سپس برهان محقق نایینی بر امکان ترتب و نقد ادلّه مخالفان، تشریح و تبیین شده و در پایان، بعد از نقل اشکال‌ها بر برهان محقق نایینی و نقد آنها، دیدگاه ایشان ترجیح داده شده است؛ زیرا به باور نگارنده، ادلّه محقق نایینی بر امکان ترتب، اقوی است. در پایان به برخی از ثمره‌های فقهی مترتب برمساله ترتب اشاره شده است.

order from the point of view of mohaqeq naini and its jurisprudential effects

one of the important topics of the science of principles, which has been covered by many works, is the issue of order, which was first discussed by mohaqqeq karaki and then the researchers after him. is it possible to achieve the order belongs to the most important in the case of disobeying the order belongs to the important thing? there is a difference of opinion that some people believe in refusal and some believe in the possibility of it, among those who took the second point of view and raised the possibility of the order of proof is mohaqeq naini. after correcting and explaining the point of conflict and explaining that the source of the conflict between the most important and the important is the application of the two and not the two behest themselves, he says: if order means consensus between the opposites, as the proponents have this illusion, impasibility and refusal of order is obvious and necessary, because the obligee is not able to comply with the opposites at the same time, but this is not the case, by conditioning the most important to the important, leaving the important to the most important and ordering the important to the the most important is overcome by leaving the matter to the importance. one of the important topics of the science of principles, which has been covered by many works, is the issue of order, which was first discussed by mohaqqeq karaki and then the researchers after him. is it possible to achieve the order belongs to the most important in the case of disobeying the order belongs to the important thing? there is a difference of opinion that some people believe in refusal and some believe in the possibility of it, among those who took the second point of view and raised the possibility of the order of proof is mohaqeq naini. after correcting and explaining the point of conflict and explaining that the source of the conflict between the most important and the important is the application of the two and not the two behest themselves, he says: if order means consensus between the opposites, as the proponents have this illusion, impasibility and refusal of order is obvious and necessary, because the obligee is not able to comply with the opposites at the same time, but this is not the case, by conditioning the most important to the important, leaving the important to the most important and ordering the important to the the most important is overcome by leaving the matter to the importance.in this article, first the arguments of those who refuse to order are quoted, then the argument of mohaqeq naini on the possibility of ordering and criticizing the arguments of the opponents is described and explained, and finally, after quoting the problems with the argument of mohaqeq naini on the possibility of ordering and criticizing them, mohaqeq naini’s point of view is preferred, because according to the writer, naini’s evidence on the possibility is stronger. at the end, some jurisprudential results related to the issue of order have been mentioned.