thermal performance of the seal oil cooler of the rfcc mcb pump by using cnt-water nanofluids

In this article, the water-based carbon nanotube (cnt) nanofluid in various cnt concentrations was used in an industrial shell and tube cooler as a cooling fluid. the heat transfer factors have been analyzed, such as reynolds number, nusselt number, overall heat transfer coefficient, and heat transfer rate. the cooling fluid flows on the tube side, and the hot fluid flows on the shell side. the cnt concentrations were 0.0055%, 0.055%, 0.111% and 0.278% volume fraction. the results represented that the heat transfer properties increased with cnt volume fraction as 0.278 cnt volume fraction enhanced the nusselt number and the convection heat transfer coefficient about 47% and 59.3%, respectively, for example. likewise, heat transfer was enhanced with the increment of the nanofluid mass flow rate for all the cnt volume concentrations.