اصلاح ژنتیک انسان از منظر عقل‌ گرایی کانت

حقوق طبیعی مدرن با تکیه بر جایگاه عقل به‌ عنوان منبع قواعد حقوقی و اخلاقی، بر انجام تکالیف عقلانی بر اساس اراده خیر تاکید می‌ورزد و نیل به کمال را در گرو آن می‌داند. قوای جسمانی و روحی ابزار و مقدمۀ عمل به این تکالیف هستند. انجام اصلاحات بر ساختار ژنتیک، یکی از طرق مطرح برای رفع موانع عمل به تکلیف، یا تسهیل‌کنندۀ آن است؛ اما، چالش حقوقی و اخلاقی رضایت آگاهانه، که ناشی از تکلیف لزوم احترام به استقلال فردی دیگران است، مانعی جدی در این مسیر به‌نظر می‌رسد. با این‌ حال، تکالیف دیگری از جمله تکلیف فرد نسبت به دیگران، می‌تواند موافق با اصلاح ژنتیک انسان باشد. در این پژوهش، با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی، این مانع و نظرهای طرح‌شده در این خصوص بررسی شده است. به‌نظر می‌رسد در نهایت، می‌توان با توجه به دیدگاه کانت در خصوص وظیفه، اصلاحات ژنتیکی بر روی جنین انسان را پذیرفت.

human genetics modification from the perspective of kant’s rationalism

genes are implicated in the manifestation of not only physical traits but also behaviours, moods and mental illnesses. genetic modification enables the alteration of an individual’s characteristics. in addition, some diseases have a genetic origin that can be treated using this method.genetic engineering is classified into four principal categories: somatic gene therapy, somatic genetic enhancement, germline gene therapy, and germline genetic enhancement. the genetic alterations achieved through somatic gene therapy are confined to the individual undergoing the procedure and are not inherited by subsequent generations. in contrast, the consequences of germline gene therapy persist across multiple generations.the ethical and legal challenges associated with human genetic modification are manifold, with informed consent being a particularly salient issue, particularly in the context of genetic modification of germ cells.genes are implicated in the manifestation of not only physical traits but also behaviours, moods and mental illnesses. genetic modification enables the alteration of an individual’s characteristics. in addition, some diseases have a genetic origin that can be treated using this method.in this study, we employed an analytical-descriptive methodology to examine this challenge and the perspectives that have been put forth in relation to it.modern natural law posits reason as the foundation for legal and moral norms, leading to the term rationalism. the objective of modern natural law or rationalism is to safeguard individual rights. the individual is regarded as the ultimate end, and the principles of individual freedom and the sovereignty of the will are considered to be of paramount importance. this perspective emphasises the importance of undertaking rational tasks in a manner that is guided by benevolent intentions, and posits that the realisation of perfection is contingent upon this approach. the physical and mental faculties serve as the instruments and preliminary steps in the accomplishment of these tasks. from the perspective of rationalism and kant’s thought, people have a moral obligation to pursue their own perfection and that of others. one proposed method for fulfilling this obligation is through genetic modification. however, several principles have been proposed in this thought which are considered to be the most important rational reasons for opposing human genetic modification. genes are implicated in the manifestation of not only physical traits but also behaviours, moods and mental illnesses. genetic modification enables the alteration of an individual’s characteristics. in addition, some diseases have a genetic origin that can be treated using this method.in this study, we employed an analytical-descriptive methodology to examine this challenge and the perspectives that have been put forth in relation to it.the ethical and legal challenges associated with human genetic modification are particularly pertinent in the context of informed consent, particularly in relation to genetic modifications on germ cells.the question thus arises as to whether an individual is entitled to make a decision to undergo genetic modification with a view to influencing the traits and characteristics of subsequent generations and thereby determining their future and life prospects in a positive or negative manner.