بطلان رای داوری به جهت تعارض با مفاد سند رسمی (نقد و تحلیل بند 3 مادۀ 34 قانون داوری تجاری بین‌المللی)

پیش ‌بینی جهات متعدد بطلان رای داوری در قانون داوری تجاری بین‌المللی در قیاس با مقررات آنسیترال و کنوانسیون نیویورک، از جمله از جمله نقدهایی است که بر قانون داوری تجاری بین‌المللی ایران وارد است. در این خصوص بند 3 مادۀ 34، از جمله جهات بطلان رای را، مغایرت رای داور با مفاد اسناد رسمی مربوط به اموال غیرمنقول دانسته است. در توجیه چرایی درج این مقرره، سه دسته دیدگاه مطرح شده است؛ عده‌ای مبنای این حکم را خروج موضوعی نقل و انتقال اموال غیرمنقول از حیطۀ اعمال تجاری برشمرده و آن را خارج از صلاحیت داوری دانسته‌اند؛ عده‌ای دیگر آن را بر مبنای مغایرت با نظم عمومی توجیه کرده‌اند و دیدگاه سوم آن را مطابق با داوری‌ناپذیری حقوق عینی در اموال غیرمنقول برشمرده‌ است. این مطالعه بر مبنای نقد رویکرد قانونگذار نسبت به بیان جهات متعدد بطلان رای داوری، نظریۀ مغایرت با نظم عمومی را مورد پذیرش قرار داده و این بنیاد پیشنهادهایی را به منظور اصلاح قانون ارائه داده است.

analysis and critique of article 34, section 3 of international commercial arbitration law regarding the setting aside of immovable property arbitral awards on the grounds of conflict with the provisions of a notarial act

article 34 of the iranian lica mentions several reasons for setting aside the arbitration award in three paragraphs. the last cause, to a large extent similar to the fifth paragraph of article 489 of the civil procedure law, refers to the conflict of the arbitration award related to immovable property with the provisions of the notarial documents. a cause due to its lack of clarification in the uncitral model regulations and the 1958 new york convention raises the question of what is the meaning of the notarial document contained in this paragraph and what are the justifications for including or removing this exception in the provisions of the iranian lica.this analytical descriptive article has reached the following conclusions using the library research method, first of all, the intention of the legislator in this provision is the specific concept of the notarial document - in the sense of a document prepared by the notary; because the subject of the law is commercial arbitration, and commercial operations as defined in articles one to three of the commercial code, usually refers to transactions. therefore, if the third paragraph of article 34 has a concept about commercial operation, that concept appears only by manifesting the meaning of the notarial document in the document prepared by the notary. also, part of the third paragraph of article 34 holds, unless the arbitrator has been authorized to act as amiable compositeur regarding the latter issue. implicitly implies that a legal relationship has been concluded between the parties within the framework of the notarial document in question, which, in the form of its terms, the arbitrator has been given the right to compromise.secondly, regarding the concept of setting aside the immovable property arbitral award based on conflict with the provisions of the notarial act, three main points of view have been raised in the opinion of arbitration law experts, based on which they have considered the requirement mentioned above as a redundant provision:the non-incorporation of subject matter point of view believes that the transfer of immovable property is outside the scope of the lica due to the non-commercial nature of the immovable transaction. the main challenge of the present view is the neglect of the wide scope of commercial operations of article 2 of the lica, derived from the footnote of article 1 of the uncitral model regulation, and conflicts with article 2 of the commercial code.