a review of online grammar assessment

A variety of methods are employed in the education system to assess the grammatical knowledge of students. in line with the increasing need for online grammar testing and evaluation for english foreign language learners (efl) in virtual learning, the present research deals with the previous literature associated with online grammar assessment. to this end, several benefits of online language testing and assessment are explained. the promotion of learner autonomy is reviewed as a key factor in online grammar assessment. it is discussed that virtual assessment of grammar has an indispensable role in evaluating the progress made by learners. online grammar assessment contributes to teachers’ and students’ convenience while taking the test, and when giving immediate feedback. in line with the incapability of declining the urge for investigating the problems with online language testing, cheating, plagiarism, and lack of validity and reliability of tests are viewed as the drawbacks of online grammar assessments. in addition, the excessive workload of both teachers and examinees is referred to. immediate feedback in distance learning is discussed in this study, and the benefits and drawbacks of this type of feedback are explored. besides, the status of blended learning and its considerable impact on grammar evaluation, and its merits and demerits are illuminated. this review also discusses grammar testing and evaluation through online platforms with a focus on formative and summative assessments. finally, the previous empirical studies are reviewed and discussed.