alginate/citric acid-sawdust/fe3o4 bio-adsorbent for malachite green removal from aquatic solutions

For the first time in this study, sustainable magnetic alginate composite beads were designed containing citric acid-modified sawdust (ca-sawdust) as bio-waste and fe3o4 nanoparticles. this novel eco-friendly composite (alginate/ca-sawdust/fe3o4 beads) was successfully applied to remove malachite green (mg). easy separation under a magnetic field and reusability could be mentioned as two noteworthy properties of this bio-sorbent. this process was described well with langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models. moreover, both film and intraparticle diffusion models were probable in the mg removal mechanism.