fabrication and characterization of 3d bio-printed electroconductive hydrogel scaffold based on alginate and its application in cardiac tissue engineering

Heart failure and myocardial infarction are significant reasons for worldwide mortality. due to the high-cost surgery and the irreversible side effects, cardiac tissue engineering represented a novel approach by fabricating three-dimensional electro-conductive scaffolds as a treatment for this issue. electroconductive hydrogel scaffolds are profitable platforms thanks to their 3d, highly hydrophilic structure providing electrical signal transmission among cardiac cells. here, an electro-conductive hydrogel scaffold based on modified alginate was fabricated via a 3d extrusion bioprinting method and investigated its potential for cardiac tissue engineering. the results revealed an enhancement in tensile modulus in a specific modification percentage. cytotoxicity results also represented non-toxic and safe criteria with high cell density levels on the scaffold after seven days of mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes culture, indicating its productivity in cardiac tissue engineering.