the role of carbon black as the secondary filler in improving non-linear viscoelastice behavior of styrene-butadiene rubber compound filled with modified silica

Abstract this study shows the effect of adding carbon black as the secondary filler on the properties of the tire tread compound filled with modified silica as the primary filler. it is expected that by adding a small amount of the second filler with different surface or geometric properties to the first filler, we will see a synergistic effect between the two fillers and improve the payne effect in  the compound as a measure of energy dissipation in tire rolling resistance. for this purpose, the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of the compounds was measured by dynamic mechanical test in strain sweep,  and a synergistic behavior was observed.