بهبود ویژگی‌های نشای گوجه فرنگی با مصرف تلفیقی هیومیک اسید، اکسین و فسفریک اسید

تولید نشای قوی و سالم، در تولید بوته‌های قوی گوجه فرنگی در مزرعه تاثیر زیادی دارد و در نهایت سبب تولید محصول بیشتر خواهد شد. تولید نشای سالم به نوع تیمار آن در مرحله جوانه‌زنی و کشت در سینی نشا بستگی دارد. بنابراین، آزمایشی با 8 تیمار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با 3 تکرار برای بررسی تاثیر مجزا و هم‌زمان هیومیک اسید (0.25 گرم بر لیتر)، هورمون اکسین (5 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و فسفریک اسید (0.25 گرم بر لیتر) در طول مرحله تولید نشای گوجه فرنگی (solanum lycopersicum l. cv. 83-20) با تمرکز بر بهبود ریشه‌زایی و رشد گیاه طراحی و اجرا شد. در تیمارهای تلفیقی از نصف غلظت هر یک از ترکیب‌های مورد مطالعه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع نشا (9.9 سانتی‌متر) در تیمار تلفیقی اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید و  کمترین آن (4.04 سانتی‌متر) در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. بیشترین افزایش قطر ساقه نشای گوجه فرنگی (2.49 میلی‌‌متر) در تیمار اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید و کم‌ترین آن (0.73 میلی‌متر) در تیمار شاهد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن تر و خشک ریشه نشای گوجه فرنگی (به‌ترتیب 1.03 و 0.10 گرم) در تیمار تلفیقی اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید بودند. این در حالی است که کمترین مقدار آن‌ها (به‌ترتیب 0.15 و 0.02 گرم) در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. علاوه‌بر این، بیشترین وزن تر اندام‌های هوایی نشای گوجه فرنگی با اعمال تیمار تلفیقی اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید حاصل شد. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تیمارها بر وزن خشک اندام‌های هوایی تاثیر معنادار داشت به‌طوری که بیشترین وزن خشک اندام‌های هوایی (0.25 گرم) در تیمار تلفیقی اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید و کم‌ترین آن (0.04 گرم) در تیمار شاهد حاصل شد. بیشترین غلظت کلروفیل (34.46 میلی‌گرم بر 100 گرم وزن تر) در تیمار تلفیقی اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید و کمترین آن (7.23 میلی‌گرم بر 100 گرم وزن تر) در تیمار شاهد بودند. با توجه به نتایج نهایی این تحقیق می‌توان تیمار تلفیقی اکسین + هیومیک اسید + فسفریک اسید را به‌عنوان یک محرک رشد مفید و موثر بر رشد گیاه گوجه فرنگی معرفی نمود.

improving the characteristics of tomato seedlings by integrated application of humic acid, auxin, and phosphoric acid

background and objectivesthe use of growth stimulants and chemical fertilizers in agricultural production has been common for many years, and the number of these compounds is increasing every day. transparency in costs, efficiency, effects, and how to apply them can encourage farmers to use these compounds. these compounds can be organic, chemical, or hormonal, and accordingly affect one or more plant growth factors. some of these compounds are applied under specific conditions or by a specific method, and in addition to the plant, they also affect the characteristics of the soil as a growth medium. therefore, different compounds and their effects on the soil, plant, and final product can be examined to determine the possibility of using the optimal combination to achieve better and more yield and improve soil quality. accordingly, in this study, the effects of humic acid, phosphoric acid, and indole butyric acid (as a hormone) on tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum l. cv. 83-20) were investigated.methodologythe experimental substrate contained 70% cocopeat and 30% perlite (v/v), and the study was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications. the experimental treatments in this study included: t0- control, t1- humic acid (0.25 g/l), t2- phosphoric acid (0.25 g/l), t3- indole butyric acid dissolved in 0.01 m sodium hydroxide (5 mg/l), t4- humic acid (0.125 g/l) + indole butyric acid (2.5 mg/l), t5- humic acid (0.125 g/l) + phosphoric acid (0.125 g/l), t6- phosphoric acid (0.125 g/l) + indole butyric acid (2.5 mg/l), t7- humic acid (0.125 g/l) + phosphoric acid (0.125 g/l) + indole butyric acid (2.5 mg/l). the height, fresh and dry weights of shoot, fresh and dry weights of root, volume of root, number of leaves, diameter of stem, as well as the plant characteristics such as relative water content (rwc), chlorophyll concentration, and phosphorus percentage were measured.resultsby statistical analysis of the measured data, it was found that the compounds used had significant effects on the measured plant parameters. the results showed that applying the aforementioned compounds in this experiment significantly increased the height of tomato plants. in a way, t7 had the greatest effect and the height of the plant in this treatment reached 9.9 cm. this was while in the control treatment, the height of the plant was measured as 4.04 cm and no significant differences were observed between the treatments of t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6. although all applied compounds increased the stem diameter and the maximum increase was in the t7 with 2.49 mm and the lowest was in the control treatment with 0.73 mm. the results also showed that the highest fresh and dry weights of plant root (1.03 and 0.10 g, respectively) were observed in the t7, which was a combination of auxin hormone + humic acid + phosphoric acid. in addition, the fresh weight of the aerial parts of tomato plants was the highest with t7, which increased about 6 times compared to the control treatment. while the lowest fresh and dry weights of plant root (0.15 and 0.02 g, respectively) were measured in the control treatment. the results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the dry weight of the aerial parts, so that the highest dry weight of the aerial parts (0.25 g) was observed in the t7 and the lowest (0.04 g) was in the control treatment. the highest amount of chlorophyll concentration (34.46 mg/100 g of fresh weight) was measured in the t7 and the lowest of that (7.23 mg/100 g of fresh weight) was in the control treatment. however, no significant differences were observed between the treatments of t5, t6, and t7 (figure 8). also, the highest amount of phosphorus concentrations in the plant root and shoot were in the t7 and t5, respectively. in addition, applying hormones alone (t3) reduced the amount of phosphorus concentration in the plant root.conclusionaccording to the final results of this study, the integrated treatment of auxin hormone + humic acid + phosphoric acid can be introduced as a useful and effective growth stimulant in tomato plant growth. furthermore, it seems necessary to investigate more about the effect of this combination on quantity and quality of final product.author contributionsconceptualization, m.b. and a.h.; methodology, m.b. and m.n.h.; software, m.n.h; validation, m.n.h.; formal analysis, m.b. and m.n.h.; investigation, m.b., m.n.h., and a.h.; resources, m.n.h. and a.h.; data curation, m.b. and m.n.h.; writing—original draft preparation, m.n.h. and a.h.; writing–review and editing, m.n.h. and a.h.; visualization, m.n.h.; supervision, a.h.; project administration, a.h.; funding acquisition, a.h. all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.data availability statementdata is available on reasonable request from the authors.acknowledgementsthis paper is published as a part of a master’s thesis supported by the vice chancellor for research and technology of the university of zanjan, zanjan, iran. the authors are thankful to the university of zanjan for financial supports. conflict of interestthe authors declare no conflict of interest. ethical considerations the authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.