بررسی روند تغییرات ارزش اقتصادی آب مصرفی محصولات زراعی در استان خراسان رضوی

تداوم خشکسالی‏ها و کاهش منابع آبی باعث شده تا نهاده آب به عنوان مهم‏ترین نهاده موثر بر تعیین ترکیب و میزان سطح زیر کشت محصولات کشاورزی در الگوی کشت استان خراسان رضوی مطرح باشد. در واقع بهره ‏وری اقتصادی آب مصرفی هر محصول زراعی، نقش محوری و تعیین کننده در ترکیب الگوی کشت دارد. از این رو در این مطالعه وضعیت بهره‏وری اقتصادی آب مصرفی طی سال‏های گذشته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات مورد نیاز جهت برآورد این شاخص برای محصولات اصلی زراعی، از سیستم هزینه تولید محصولات زراعی طی سال‏های 1385 تا 1399 و جهت برآورد شاخص بهره‏وری اقتصادی آب، از روش ارزش اصلی پسماند استفاده شد. به منظور محاسبه بهره‏وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب مصرفی کلیه محصولات زراعی و باغی نیز از آمار و اطلاعات 4 سال زراعی 96-1393 استفاده شد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که قیمت محصول به عنوان یک متغیر خارج از کنترل کشاورزان، نقش مهمی در تغییر شاخص بهره‏وری اقتصادی دارد و ایجاد ثبات در قیمت نسبی محصولات زراعی در گرو تشکیل زنجیره‏های ارزش همگام با اجرا و اصلاح الگوی کشتی می‏باشد که توسط وزارت جهاد کشاورزی ابلاغ گردیده است.

investigating the trend of changes in the economic value of water consumed by agricultural crops in khorasan razavi province

introductionas a result of drought and decline in water resources, water input has become the mos t important input of agricultural product composition and area cultivated in razavi khorasan.finding effective solutions to solve this crisis before it turns into a national disas ter is not only a priority, but a national necessity. so all sectors, especially the agricultural sector, should play an effective role in solving the water crisis problem. the agricultural sector is the larges t water consumer, and as a result, it is mos t affected by its challenges. therefore, checking water efficiency in this sector is a prerequisite for reforming water exploitation management. in this s tudy, the economic productivity andthe economic value of water consumed by crops were compared in one year and over the years. this provided a clear picture of management solutions for policy-making and choosing the right option.materials and methodsto calculate physical water productivity, the s tatis tical yearbook of the agriculture organizationof khorasan razavi province was inves tigated during 2013-2016. in order to es timate the physical water productivity in agricultural and horticultural crops of theprovince in the current situation, the average yield of crops and water consumption of each product per hectare were es timated by calculating the net irrigation requirement of plants in the province’s cultivation pattern that gets from the national water docu ment, and considering irrigation efficiency (54% on average in the province) and deficit irrigation (15-30%). furthermore, the es timated physical water productivity was compared with the exis ting research results and confirmed to be accurate. in relation to the sale price and production cos ts of agricultural products, the official s tatis tics provided in the s tatis tical yearbook of the minis try of agriculture jihad and the iranian s tatis tics center were analyzed. the economic water productivity used in agronomical and horticultural crops was calculated by the irrigation economic water use index (iewi). in order to es timate the economic value of water in crop production, the basic residual method was used. the required information was also used from las t 15 years of the agricultural production cos t sys tem (2006 to 2020) from the agriculture organization.