تاثیر خاک‌پوش بر صفات رویشی نهال انگور و مقایسه آن در دو سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای و فتیله‌ای کاپیلاری

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر خاک‌پوش‌های مختلف بر صفات رویشی نهال انگور و مقایسه آن‌ها در دو سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای و فتیله‌ای کاپیلاری، آزمایشی در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. در کرت‌های اصلی روش آبیاری شامل قطره‌ای و فتیله‌ای کاپیلاری و در کرت‌های فرعی انواع مالچ‌ها شامل مالچ پلاستیکی، بدون مالچ، مالچ ماسه‌ای-کلش و مالچ کلشی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد روش آبیاری، اثر معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد بر صفات قطر یقه، ارتفاع نهال، تعداد شاخه، سطح سایه‌انداز و تعداد برگ داشت. اثر مالچ نیز بر صفات تعداد شاخه، طول شاخه، سطح سایه‌انداز و تعداد برگ در سطح یک درصد و در صفات قطر یقه و ارتفاع نهال در سطح پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین میزان ارتفاع نهال، طول شاخه، سطح سایه‌انداز و تعداد برگ در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای با خاک‌پوش پلاستیکی مشاهده شد، هم‌چنین کمترین میزان صفات مذکور در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای و بدون خاک‌پوش مشاهده گردید. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد در سیستم آبیاری فتیله‌ای‌کاپیلاری استفاده از خاک‌پوش‌ در عملکرد صفات رویشی مورد بررسی اثرات معنی‌داری نداشت و در روش آبیاری قطره ای استفاده از خاک‌پوش پلاستیکی شفاف نسبت به تیمار بدون خاک‌پوش سبب افزایش عملکرد صفات قطر یقه، ارتفاع نهال، تعداد شاخه، طول شاخه، سطح سایه‌انداز و تعداد برگ به‌ترتیب به میزان 32.27، 47.56، 40، 68.61، 62.36 و 61.18 درصد شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد در روش آبیاری فتیله‌ای کاپیلاری نیازی به استفاده از مالچ نیست و در صورت انجام آبیاری به روش قطره ای استفاده از مالچ پلاستیکی شفاف توصیه می‌گردد.

the effect of mulching on vegetative traits of grape seedlings and its comparison to drip and capillary wick irrigation systems

introduction water limitation in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the important factors in the production of agricultural products. supplying water and eliminating its shortage is one of the most important priorities in most countries of the world, including iran, due to the increase in water demand due to population growth. grape (vitis vinifera l.) is a perennial woody plant that needs long hot and dry summers and cold winters to grow (tafazoli et al., 1991).the cultivated area of the country's vineyards, including scattered grape vines, is about 312,000 hectares, of which 91.35% are fertile vines (tedin and sadeghi, 2018). water is the main factor controlling the quantity and quality of grape fruit, especially in summer, and by applying the correct management of water, soil and plants, sustainable agriculture can be established while increasing the yield (xu et al., 2019). therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate methods for the optimal use of water resources, considering the necessity of water consumption in agriculture and the existence of evaporation losses under dry conditions (gholami et al., 2013). evaporation rate increases with increasing air temperature, soil temperature and decreasing relative humidity. mulches are a useful tool for maintaining soil moisture and increasing irrigation efficiency, which disconnects dry air from the soil and prevents solar radiation from reaching the surface, reducing surface evaporation and maintaining soil moisture (salehi, 2011). therefore, the use of soil covers in combination with modern irrigation methods reduces water wastage and increases crop productivity. therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the possibility of using plastic and organic mulches to improve vegetative traits compared to the condition without mulching in one-year grape seedlings under modern irrigation systems in kermanshah region.methodology this research was carried out in the research farm of acecr, kermanshah province unit by planting vine seedlings of asgari variety (located at 47 degrees and 6 minutes east longitude and 34 degrees and 26 minutes north latitude with 1320. meters above sea level) during 2017. in this research, in order to investigate the effect of different mulches on the vegetative characteristics of grape seedlings in two methods of drip and wick irrigation, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the used mulches included three treatments: plastic soil cover (a1), combination of sand and stubble (a3), stubble (a4) and no soil cover or control (a2). cultivation of seedlings was done manually at the end of july 2017. in this study, 27 seedlings were planted in 3 rows at a distance of 2.5 meters in each row and 2 meters in each bush. the seedling irrigation period was 7 days, and the initial values of the vegetative characteristics of the vines, including collar diameter, seedling height, number of branches, branch length, shading area and number of leaves were measured on the first day after planting the seedlings. the second measurement of the above vegetative traits was done on november 2017. finally, the change of vegetative characteristics of vines grown in different soil cover treatments under two irrigation methods compared to the control treatment in each irrigation method was investigated. irrigation was carried out by two independent water tanks, equipped with water level regulators located at the beginning of the lateral line in the wick and drip irrigation system. by connecting the secondary lines to the tank, the suction height was adjusted in the wick pipes and the roots of the grape were irrigated.the volume of irrigation water in the two irrigation methods was completely the same and there was no difference in the amount of water received by the seedlings.