تعیین آب کاربردی و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در مزارع زعفران استان خراسان رضوی

در خصوص حجم آب آبیاری در بخش کشاورزی اعداد و ارقام ارائه شده در کشور بسیار متفاوت بوده و در خصوص صحت آن‌ها نیز تردیدهای جدی وجود دارد. بنابراین، هدف اصلی از این طرح تحقیقاتی، اندازه‌گیری مستقیم و مزرعه‌ای آب آبیاری زراعت زعفران تحت مدیریت کشاورزان است. بدین ترتیب، حجم آب مصرف شده برای تولید زعفران در شهرستان‌های عمده استان‌ خراسان رضوی (تربت‌حیدریه، زاوه و گناباد) در 18 پرسشنامه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از اندازه‌گیری‌های میدانی نشان داد که بیشترین حجم آب آبیاری زعفران متعلق به آبیاری سطحی به میزان 4691 مترمکعب در هکتار و کمترین آن مربوط به آبیاری با لوله‌های پیفلکس به میزان 3713 مترمکعب در هکتار و آبیاری با رول لاین با حجم آب آبیاری 3900 مترمکعب در هکتار رتبه دوم را دارا بود. حجم آب آبیاری زعفران در شهرستان‌های تربت‌حیدریه، زاوه و گناباد به ترتیب به میزان 4974، 4816 و 4517 مترمکعب در هکتار بود. متوسط عملکرد زعفران در شهرستان‌های زاوه و تربت‌حیدریه به میزان 7.3 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در شهرستان گناباد به میزان 5 کیلوگرم بر هکتار بود. بیشترین بهره‌وری مصرف آب در شهرستان زاوه به میزان 0.001669 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و کمترین آن مربوط به شهرستان گناباد به میزان 0.001076 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بدست آمد. راندمان کاربرد بر اساس آمار ده‌ساله در شهرستان‌های زاوه، تربت‌حیدریه و گناباد به ترتیب برابر با 51، 49 و 87 درصد بدست آمد.

determination of applied water and water productivity in saffron fields in khorasan razavi province

introduction drought in iran is a climatic fact and due to the growing need for water in different sectors, the problem of drought will become more acute inthe coming years. in such cases, one of the practical solutions is the optimal use of water consumption. water consumption management in agriculture can be very effective. determining water consumption management indicators such as the amount of irrigation water, irrigation efficiency and water productivity in various crops and orchards in the country is one of the most important tools and key indicators in macroagricultural planning. regarding the volume of irrigation water in the agricultural sector, the figures provided in the country are very different.therefore, it is necessary to do a research work and its results would be a great help for decision makers. therefore, the main purpose of this research project is direct measurement and irrigation water fields of saffron cultivation under the management of farmers.methodology this project is a crop based research that measured applied water by farmers to produce saffron during a growing season. the farms in torbateheydarieh, zaveh and gonabad were identified and selected with the help of experts. in each selected plain, 6 farms were selected for data collection and monitoring. three methods of surface irrigation, roll line and peifelex were evaluated in this project. the volume of irrigation water for saffron in each field was determined by measuring the flow rate of the water source and its operating time. for this purpose, first theoutput flow of the water source was measured with a suitable device (flume, couter) and then the irrigation time was measured. in each of the farms in questionnaire, the characteristics of the farms include; crop area, total land area, field soil texture, soil electrical conductivity and irrigation water were measured. some characteristics of farms such as location, irrigation method, irrigation water source, type of irrigation network (modern, traditional), characteristics of users, etc. were done by compiling information registration forms. in addition, the final yield of saffron was measured to calculate water use efficiency. the amount of saffron evapotranspiration in each region was calculated using meteorological data by penman mantis method.results and discussion the results of field measurements showed that the average of applied water in peifelex, roll line and surface irrigation systems were 3713, 3900 and 4691 m3/ha respectively. the volume of saffron irrigation water in torbat e eydariyeh, zaveh and gonabad cities was 4974, 4816 and4517 m3/ha, respectively. the average yield of saffron in zaveh and torbat e heydariyeh counties was 7.3 kg / ha and in gonabad county was 5 kg / ha. the highest crop water profuvtivity was 0.001669 kg / m3 in zaveh city and the lowest was related to gonabad city (0.001076 kg / m3). the results also showed that in all three studied regions, the net crop water requirement in the year of the research was higher than the lastdecade. application efficiency based on ten year statistics in zaveh, torbat e heydarieh and gonabad counties was 51, 49 and 87%, respectively.