a review of medicinal plants used for the restoration of reproductive functionality following agricultural toxin-induced reproductive toxicity

Agricultural toxins, including pesticides and heavy metals significantly threaten reproductive health leading to infertility, hormonal imbalances and testicular damage. this review explores the potential of medicinal plants such as withania somnifera (ashwagandha), tribulus terrestris, ficus carica, and mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) to restore reproductive functionality compromised by these toxins. these plants contain bioactive compounds like flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids which offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hormone-regulating properties. in addition, the review highlights the role of antioxidants such as curcumin, resveratrol, vitamin e and n-acetylcysteine (nac) in enhancing the therapeutic effects of these plants. antioxidants help mitigate oxidative stress, improve sperm quality and enhance testosterone levels, making them valuable in counteracting toxin-induced reproductive damage. the synergistic use of medicinal plants and antioxidants allows for lower doses and reducing potential side effects while maximizing efficacy. detailed information on specific doses used in various studies is provided demonstrating the effectiveness of these natural therapies in reversing reproductive toxicity. however, further research is necessary to optimize treatment regimens, assess long-term safety and conduct clinical trials to confirm efficacy in humans. in conclusion, combining medicinal plants with antioxidants presents a promising approach to restoring reproductive health following exposure to agricultural toxins. with ongoing research, these therapies could become a practical solution for improving reproductive outcomes in affected populations.