gallic acid: a review of application, benefits and dosage in veterinary medicine

Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are in the 3, 4, and 5 positions. it is a colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries (1). gallic acid has been isolated from different plant species such as quercus spp. and punica spp. through different chromatographic methods. however, from an industrial point of view, gallic acid is produced through the hydrolytic decomposition of tannic acid using a glycoprotein esterase, tannase. this acid acts as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human and animal xenometabolite. in recent studies, it has proven that gallic acid can exert its cytotoxic and antitumor effect in livestock by modulating the antioxidant/peroxidative balance (2). in some cases, this compound can control carcinogenesis caused by reactive oxygen species in breast cancer in animals by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. in addition to the research conducted in the field of gallic acid, research on the dose of gallic acid used in the animal body has not yet been determined. also, the mechanism of action and the ways of the effect of gallic acid and the way of cell death have not yet been determined (3).