a review on plant extracts for the control of ticks

Due to resistance to chemical pesticides in livestock products, herbal medicines from plant extracts against pests are preferred. the present study carried out in databases from 2000 to 2024. many studies reviewed including: ethno veterinary plants against rhipicephalus microplus, oil of melaleuca alternifolia cheel on ixodes ricinus nymphs, metarhizium anisopliae on h. punctata and h. anatolicum, extracts of murraya koenigii on boophilus microplus which showed significant impact in killing ticks. the killing effect of extract of consolida on the egg and larval stages of h. anatolicum and rhipicephalus bursa, cymbopogon winterianus, vitex negundo and withania somnifera extracts against deltamethrin resistant h. anatolicum, aqueous extracts of neem leaves against rhipicephalus sanguineous were dose–dependent. the highest toxicity level of bitter almond alcoholic extract was revealed for the adult than nymph of argas and haemaphysalis (1). in another study, using garlic, the best role in controlling of nymph stage of ixodes scapularis in short time was observed (2). the acaricidal activity of cymbopogon winterianus, vitex negundo and withania somnifera against pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus had a low effect on adult mortality (3). the extract of myrrh from commiphora molmol tree has effect on the adult form of argas persicus. the efficacy of the extract of melia azedarach on the tick boophilus microplus showed that it did not kill the adult female but it killed the larval stage and feeding blood females. each plant extract may be effective on different stage of tick life cycle. therefore, combination using of these extracts can be more effective.