a review on therapeutic perspectives of nigella sativa in animals

Nigella sativa seeds (black cumin seeds, bcus) and their bioactive constituents have been utilized for centuries as phytomedicinal agents in the treatment of various diseases in both humans and animals. nigella sativa l., an ancient herb from the ranunculaceae family, is native to eastern europe and asia. historically, bcus have been referenced in multiple traditional medical systems, including iranian, indian and chinese medicine. scientific studies have identified bcus as rich in antioxidants, which play a crucial role in protecting tissues from various pathologies, including hypertension, dermatological conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, and immunological dysfunctions. additionally, bcus have demonstrated anticancer properties and protective effects against renal and hepatic diseases. recent research suggests that phytogenic feed additives, such as bcus, can enhance the growth and health of animals by promoting beneficial bioactivities, including probiotic, prebiotic, and immune-enhancing effects. this review aims to examine the potential benefits of bcus when used as feed additives in different animal models, including fish, poultry, and ruminants.