ovicidal effects of trachyspermum ammi alcoholic extract on fasciola hepatica eggs: a comparative study with closantel

Trachyspermum ammi, commonly known as ajwain or carom seeds, is a traditional herbal remedy used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. recent studies have highlighted its potential as an anthelmintic agent, demonstrating efficacy against a range of parasitic infections (1-3). this study investigated the impact of t. ammi alcoholic extract on the eggs of fasciola hepatica, a liver fluke causing significant health and economic issues in both humans and animals globally. with the increasing resistance and adverse effects associated with conventional chemical anthelmintics, there is a growing interest in exploring natural alternatives. various concentrations of ajwain extract, including 0.01, 0.10, 1, and 10 µg/ml wereapplied to f. hepatica eggs for 1, 30, 60, and 120 min. closantel was used as a positive control at the same concentrations. the results demonstrated that the efficacy of ajwain extract on f. hepatica eggs increased significantly with higher concentrations and longer exposure times. the eggs exposed to higher concentrations and longer durations became noticeably non-viable. microscopic observations revealed structural damage to the eggs and a reduction in their metabolic activity. these findings suggest that the alcoholic extract of t. ammi can serve as a natural and effective agent in controlling fascioliasis. however, further research isneeded to determine the precise mechanisms of action and assess any potential side effect.