the development and potential of plant-based vaccines in veterinary medicine

Plant-based vaccine technologies are making significant progress, especially in the field of veterinary medicine. these vaccines offer important solutions for developing countries due to their low cost and easy production processes (1, 2). these vaccines which provide many advantages compared to traditional vaccines thanks to their sustainable production methods, have significant potential in protecting animal health. innovations in the field of genetic engineering play a role in the development of plant-based vaccines. methods such as agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer allow genetically modified plants to produce the desired antigens (3). studies have proven that plant-based vaccines were developed against important animal diseases such as rabies, toxoplasma gondii, and newcastle disease to strengthen the immune system of animals (1). these successes have led to an increase in trials on the safety of these vaccines. thus, the emergence of some regulations for the use of plant-based vaccines has accelerated. these vaccines are shown as an economical and practical solution, especially in the control of epidemic animal diseases. it is expected that such a technology will be widely adopted and its use will increase over time. this review aims to address the development and future potential of plant-based vaccines used in veterinary medicine.