the effect of biological and non biological treatments on seed germination

Considering the importance of medicinal plants in treating diseases, their limited natural habitats, low propagation, and indiscriminate harvesting, it is essential to plan for their cultivation and domestication. one of the existing problems is the low germination percentage of medicinal plants. in this study, the effect of different treatments was studied on the seed germination percentage of four indigenous medicinal species of iran, including salvia eremophila, trigonella elliptica, physoptychis naphalodes, and silvia sharifii. in addition to the usual non-biological treatments (calcium chloride, potassium nitrate, salicylic acid, and gibberellin), seeds were treated with three biological treatments including azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus subtilis, and pseudomonas putida. the analysis of the results showed that the effect of treatments on germination was significant and depended on the type of species. in the p. gnaphalodes species 10 mm calcium chloride treatment (cal10), in t. elliptica) treatment with a. chroococcum under germinator conditions, in s. eremophila salicylic acid treatment 100ppm (s100), and in s. sharifii treated with a. chorococcum in laboratory conditions (in germinator) caused the highest percentage of germination. according to the results obtained from different treatments on the germination percentage, contrary to expectation, applied microbial treatments did not have a significant effect. it seems that the lack of significant effect or even the negative effect of microbial treatments on the germination percentage may be due to the non-specific species of used bacteria. if the bacteria isolated from the natural habitats of plants, then probably had a greater impact on germination.