the effect of hydropriming, biopriming (trichoderma fungus) and seed coating with nano-chelate on length and dry weight of quinoa seedlings (chenopodium quinoa willd.) under cadmium stress.

In order to investigate the effect of hydropriming, biopriming (trichoderma fungus) and seed coating with nano-chelate on germination indices and antioxidant properties of quinoa leaf extract (chenopodium quinoa willd.) under cadmium stress, a factorial experiment in the form of a design a completely random basis was implemented in four replications in the seed science and technology laboratory of mohaghegh ardabili university in 2023. the experimental treatments included pretreatment methods at four levels (no treatment, hydropriming, biopriming and seed coating) and cadmium chloride stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/liter). the results showed that cadmium stress of 150 mg/liter reduced the dry weight of seedlings by 22.5% and the length of quinoa seedlings by 20.66% compared to the control treatment. according to the results of this research, it can be concluded that biopriming with trichoderma fungus at different levels of cadmium stress reduces the negative effect of cadmium stress by increasing the vigor of seeds and seedlings and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. the characteristics of germination and seedling growth are improved, but in many cases hydropriming is not significantly different from biopriming and in some cases it has worked better. therefore, water pre-treatment is a simple and cost-effective method, and at the same time it is simple and does not require complex technical knowledge, it can be easily implemented by farmers. therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth and increase the quality and strength of quinoa seeds