the effect of hydropriming, biopriming (trichoderma fungus) and seed coating with nano-chelate on the antioxidant properties of quinoa leaf extract (chenopodium quinoa willd.) under cadmium stress

In order to investigate the effect of hydropriming, biopriming (trichoderma fungus) and seed coating with nano-chelate on germination indices and antioxidant properties of quinoa leaf extract (chenopodium quinoa willd.) under cadmium stress, a factorial experiment in the form of a design a completely random basis was implemented in four replications in the seed science and technology laboratory of mohaghegh ardabili university in 2023. the experimental treatments included pretreatment methods at four levels (no treatment, hydropriming, biopriming and seed coating) and cadmium chloride stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/liter). the results showed that the cadmium stress of 150 mg/liter increased the activity of catalase enzyme by 36.36% and the activity of peroxidase enzyme by 19.4% compared to the control treatment. according to the results of this research, it can be concluded that biopriming with trichoderma fungus at different levels of cadmium stress reduces the negative effect of cadmium stress by increasing the vigor of seeds and seedlings and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. it improves the characteristics of germination and growth of seedlings