study of methanolic extract of some medicinal plant on evening primrose and tomato seedlings growth in in-vitro

Introduction: effects of medicinal plants were notable from ancient times. in contrast, indiscriminate use of chemical compounds in different aspect, has been caused to huge environmental pollution that replace or change them with lovely nature compound is inevitable (khanh et al., 2005). it has been revealed that plant could affect other plant around them self by producing some special compounds. this mechanism or behaviour called allelopathy (pan et al., 2015). due to mentioned mechanism, plant could have effect on increase or decrease growth by produce and release specialized compound that had been called allelopathy (mahboobi et al., 2016). allelochemical compound that produce by plant, can classify in tannin, phenolic compound, terpenes and alkaloids and etc. that nowadays has been call specialized compounds (da silva et al., 2015). so, present study had been estimated effect of methanolic extract of some medicinal plant like juniperus (juniperus sabina), dandelion (taraxacum officinale), rhubarb (rheum ribes), red root (allium jesdianum), kondol kohi (dorema aucheri) and bottonwood (conocarpus erectus) on evening primrose and tomato seed germination and growth in in-vitro conditions. materials and methods: the pure extract of mentioned medicinal plants was prepared according to the (sohrabi, 2025) (figure 1). due to the sensitivity of extract to temperature (autoclave conditions), 45 micron filter was used to add extract to murashige and skoog (ms) culture medium at 50 and 100 ppm concentrations. then, the seeds of tomato variety “ch” and evening primrose variety “another” were disinfected. the sterilized seeds were cultured in ½ ms culture medium containing plant extract. ten seeds were placed in each jam jar in three replicates. after germination, germination percentage and seedling growth indices were evaluated (ghasemnezhad et al., 2011) (figure 1). the experiment comprised a completely randomized design with ten replications. data analysis was done by sas software and graphs and table drew by excel. results and discussion: result revealed that aside from the acceleration in germination (two days earlier than the control samples); no significant difference was observed between the samples treated with plant extracts in terms of germination percentage. however, the effect of the extract on seedling growth showed a significant difference. results showed that the maximum growth of tomato seedling (8.9 cm) was observed in treatment with 50 mg/l juniperus sabina extract in compare with control (7.2 cm). it is notable that there was no significant difference between some treatments (figure 2). in addition, analysis variance reveals that seedling stem length did not affected by treatments. in addition, effect of plant extract was differing on root length. for example, the maximum root growth was observed in control. in contrast, the evening primrose control recorded minimum length. as is shown in figure 2, it reveals that plant extract showed a decrease effect on tomato seed and an increase effect on evening primrose seed. totally, it could be finding that different plants have different reaction to specialized compounds. also, result has shown that maximum number of leaf in tomato was observed in conocarpus erectus extract at the concentration of 100 mg/l. in contrast, juniperus sabina 50 mg/l and allium jesdianum 100 mg/l showed the maximum number of leaf. as result shows in figure 2, there is a positive effect of treatments on the fresh weight in tomato. results revealed that plants that have more leaf number (conocarpus erectus 50 & 100 mg/l), have maximum fresh weight (figure 2). briefly, physiologic effect of plant extracts is differ from plant to plant that refers to organic and non-organic compounds, plant growth regulators and specialized compounds. compounds like amino acids that cause stimulating plant growth, , saponins, vitamins, plant growth regulators and etc. (paradikovic et al., 2019). generally, growth is an output of cell division and enlargement. these two processes are closely related to the amount of internal plant growth regulators of plant, like auxin and cytokinin (taiz et al., 2015). plant extract have a variety of compounds that can be involved in plant biologic pathways. conclusion: based on the obtained results medicinal plant extracts can be considered as stimulating agent in germination of seed and seedling growth and can be used as pre-germination agents.