investigating the response of camelina oilseed plant (camelina sativa l.) to different doses of metribuzin and trifloralin herbicides primed with baba

Oilseeds are critical in agriculture for providing calories and energy, constituting the second-largest global food reserves after grains (bertacchi et al., 2020). plants like camelina, which thrive with minimal inputs compared to other oilseeds, could help meet edible oil demand (kahrizi et al., 2018). in agricultural ecosystems, weeds compete with crops, impacting their growth, yield, and quality (da silva, 2022). herbicides are crucial for weed control, significantly affecting crop yields (taheri et al., 2017). among these, metribuzin (a pre-sowing herbicide) and trifluralin (a selective herbicide branded as treflan) are commonly used. improving seed quality to increase germination percentage, speed, and uniformity, as well as enhancing seedling establishment under different conditions, is essential for boosting crop competitiveness against weeds. seed priming with agents like baba (β-aminobutyric acid) can improve tolerance to environmental stresses (noriani, 2019). this study aims to evaluate the effect of different doses of pre-emergence and pre-planting herbicides on the germination and seedling establishment of baba-primed camelina seeds.