sono-fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution using femno3/gqds

Abstract: consumption of pharmaceuticals has dramatically risen over the past few years. antibiotics are considered as the commonest type pharmaceuticals which causes inhabitation in microorganism functions. antibiotics are not completely absorbed in human body and 30-90% of them find their ways into environment through urinary and defecation systems [1-2]. the irreversible effects of drug compounds on the environment, such as the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as one of the environmental challenges, have led to their elimination. emerging methods based on nanotechnology such as nanocatalysts have been used successfully to remove drug compounds due to their many advantages. conventional methods used are not effective in removing drug contaminants and the main reason for this is the low rate of biodegradation of these substances [3]. therefore, it’s necessary to find a suitable method to remove antibiotics from environment. in this study, heterogeneous fenton- like catalytic processes was evaluated for removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin from a synthetic wastewater. so this nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. the synthesized catalyst was identified using methods such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), x-ray diffraction (xrd), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (eds), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), and visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy, and the results confirmed the catalyst structure. the effect of the various factors on the degradation of the ciprofloxacin, such as the amount of the synthesized catalyst, time of irradiation, hydrogen peroxide concentration and ph of the initial solution, were also studied. based on the results after optimizing the parameters, the maximum degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin by the synthetic catalyst was 83%. hence using this method and process was recommended for degradation antibiotics from environment.