simultaneous extraction and determination of cd and pb by syringe to syringe dispersive liquid phase microextraction-solidified floating organic drop combined electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A syringe to syringe dispersive liquid phase microextraction-solidified floating organic drop was induced and used for the ultra-trace simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead after extraction from environmental water samples. the extracted analytes will be determined by electrothermal vaporization (etv)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). the analytical parameters affecting the microextraction efficiency including the nature and volume of the extraction solvent, sample volume, ph, ionic strength, and concentration of reagents and the cycles of extraction will be optimized. elements such as cd and pb have been widely studied and are usually present at low concentration in environmental, biological and food samples [1]. in the syringe-to-syringe dlpme (ss-dlpme) method, two disposal syringes are connected to each other through one needle. in this technique, the aqueous sample and the extraction solvent are placed in syringe 1 and then syringe 2 is connected to it. then, the extraction solvent is dispersed in the aqueous sample through the consecutive injection between the two mentioned syringes. also, in this published research [2] a new mode of dlpme that called syringe-to-syringe dispersive liquid phase microextraction-solidified floating organic drop (ss-dlpme-sfod) is reported. in this method, ss-dlmpe-sfod, a low toxic and low density organic solvent, such as 1-dodecanol is used as the extraction solvent with a melting point near the room temperature. this simplifies the solvent recovery at the end of extraction as the solvent solidified and floats on the top of the sample solution. this method is performed without a dispersive solvent, a vortex mixer or an ultrasound bath. it is well known that inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) is the most favorable analysis tool for element and its speciation owing to its high sensitivity, wide linear dynamic range, and rapid multielement detection capability. in the present work, the ss-dlpme-sfod is combined with etv-icp-ms for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of cd and pb after the formation of the complex with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. various factors influencing separation, preconcentration and determination of the analytes will be investigated in detail. the purpose and applicability of this approach is to determine cadmium and lead in different water samples. as a part of the analytical results obtained for this method, we can refer to the calibration curves that were linear in the ranges of 0.01-22.00 ng l-1 and 0.02-25.00 ng l-1 with determination coefficients of 0.9975 and 0.9983 for cd and pb, respectively.