green sample preparation based on directly suspended droplet microextraction technique using deep eutectic solvent for determination of ultra-trace amounts of titanium dioxide in drug samples

Deep eutectic solvents (dess) are green solvents that are known as sustainable solvents [1]. they are usually synthesized from non-toxic compounds that are biodegradable and biocompatible. therefore, the purpose of the presented method was to develop a green, simple, quick, low-cost, and innovative method base on dsdme-sfod microextraction by using a deep eutectic solvent for preconcentration of titanium dioxide from drug samples. in the present study, a simple and efficient directly suspended-solidified floating organic droplet microextraction (ds-sfod) by using deep eutectic solvent (des) has been proposed for extraction and determination of ultra-trace amount of titanium dioxide by spectrophotometric uv-vis. the capability of preparing deep eutectic solvent-based on tetra butyl ammonium bromide/acetic acid was considered in combination with the dsdme-sfod microextraction method. the predominant experimental factors such as type and amount of deep eutectic solvent, extraction time, salt concentration, and temperature that affect the extraction efficiency of titanium were considered and optimized. by performing the process in optimal conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 100 - 1000 ng/l. the limits of detection were 50 ng/l, respectively. the relative standard deviations were between 1-1.5% (n=6). the proposed method was successfully applied to drug samples. at the different spiking levels, recovery values ranged between 89 to 102% for drug samples that which indicates the negligible effect of the matrix on the extraction process [2].