evaluation and determination of phthalates in ten samples of lipstick and ten samples of foundation cream in iran's market

From the past until now, beauty has had a special place among the world's people, especially women. hence, a lot of money is spent on buying cosmetics across the globe [1]. one of the common frauds is phthalate, which uses as a plasticizer in products for softening, anti-cracking, etc. [2]. four high-risk and high-consumption substances in cosmetics include benzyl butyl phthalate (bbp), dibutyl phthalate (dbp), dicyclohexyl phthalate (dchp), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp), have side effects on human health. a simple, sensitive, and selective analytical method was developed with high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode-array detection to evaluate and determine these mentioned phthalates simultaneously in lipstick and foundation cream. a gradient program was set with an initial ratio of acetonitrile and water plus 10 µl trifluoroacetic acid (65:35) as the mobile phase. this ratio was changed at different times and separated four phthalates from each other. standard calibration curves were drawn linearly for each phthalate under the optimum conditions. the limit of detection values of bbp is about 0.15 μg/ml, dbp and dchp are about 0.075 μg/ml, and dehp is 0.15 μg/ml. by two-way anova method, days change and phthalate type's changed examined in three spike levels for lipstick and powder cream. the results during three days in each level and for both products showed that there was no significant difference between the measurement efficiencies. p-value in lipstick is 0.8 for the first level, 0.87 for the second level, and 0.28 for the third level, respectively; for foundation cream is 0.43, 0.14, and 0.91 for each level, respectively. the second factor studied was the change in phthalate type, which showed that the measurement efficiency changes significantly with the shift in phthalate type. the p-value of this factor in lipstick is 3.09×10-7, 6.47×10-7, and 1.73×10-10 for each level, respectively; for foundation cream in each level is 5.62×10-9, 6.43×10-8, and 4.28×10-9, respectively. the study aims to evaluate and determine four high-consumption phthalates in lipsticks and foundation creams in iran's market. also, it helps the regulatory organizations make limits and rules for the consumption of these ingredients in the industry. all results indicated that these cosmetics maybe have one of the described phthalates. they were used as an ingredient in the formulation or have migrated into it due to environmental conditions.