smart liquids to improve extraction systems: the state of-the-art advances

The advancement of smart materials has substantially affected the sample preparation techniques. recently, different smart materials like carbon-based materials, magnetic nanoparticles, and ferrofluids have been used to separate analytes from different matrices. among these, ferrofluids have attracted considrerable attention due to their liquidity and magnetic controllability, facilitating their recovery during the extraction process. ferrofluids are dispersions of magnetic powders in a carrier liquid with a great magnetic response. ionic liquids (ils) possess unique physical and chemical properties, such as excellent solubility, negligible vapour pressure, and high thermal stability. ionic liquid (il)-based materials have been used as efficient in sample preparation due to their unique physico-chemical properties and ability to interact with analytes through multiple interactions. this article provides information about the applications, properties, and also recent advances of ferrofluids and type of il-based adsorbents. we will talk about the future outlook in the development of ferrofluids.