extraction of heavy metal ions from water and vegetable samples using dabco-based poly (ionic liquid) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles

A poly (ionic liquid) (pil) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles methodology was developed and utilized as an efficient adsorbent for the simultaneous extraction of lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, and copper ions from water and vegetable samples. the determination of target analytes was performed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectro0metry (etaas). the ionic liquid monomer (1-(3-sulfopropyl)-4-(4- vinylbenzyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium chloride) was synthesized for the first time. then, this monomer was utilized to polymerize silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles surface via the cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (rdrp) method. the synthesized nanomaterials were exhaustively characterized by sem, tem, ftir, xrd, vsm, bet tga, and xps. effective parameters on the extraction and enrichment of analytes were investigated by multivariate optimization methods using response surface methodology (rsm) based on central composite design (ccd). the validation experiments were carried out according to recommendations of the us food and drug administration. the detection limits for water samples ranged between 3.8 to 11.4 ng.l-1, and vegetable samples varied from 0.084 to 0.252 μg.kg-1. the recovery ranged from 97.2 to 104.6% and 83.7 to 102.3% for water and vegetable samples, respectively. in particular, the purpose of this work was to validate a methodology to the analysis of cd (ii), pb (ii), ni (ii), zn (ii) and cu (ii) ions in water and vegetable samples by calculating measurement uncertainties using the bottom-up approach (gum) in conjunction with in-house validation data. the relive measurement uncertainty ranged from 9.5 to 15.8%. the proposed method was successfully employed in the extraction and determination of heavy metal ions in the cucumber, tomato, pepper, and cabbage samples. also, the developed method was applied to monitor the concentration levels of cd (ii), pb (ii), ni (ii), zn (ii) and cu (ii) in 52 bottled water samples. the proposed method is rapid, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and useful for monitoring the residues of heavy metal ions in water and vegetable samples.