high throughput thin film microextraction of antifungal drug by highly porous polyvinylidene fluoride membrane sheet

In this study, highly porous polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf) membrane sheet was introduced as extracting phase in high-throughput thin film microextraction (tfme) for the rapid and simultaneous extraction of three antifungal drug, including ketoconazole (kz), clotrimazole (cz), and miconazole (mz) in aqueous samples (water, waste water and urine samples) prior to liquid chromatographic determination. the proposed thin film membrane was characterized by fe-sem, afm, atr and bet. highly porous thin film membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase inversion method and pore generation using polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp). optimum extraction/desorption conditions were found as: salt concentration: 4%w/v nacl, stirring speed: 1400 rpm, ph 10, extraction temperature: 25 °c, extraction time: 40 min, desorption solvent: methanol and desorption time: 10 min. the figures of merit were obtained under the optimized conditions: the linear dynamic ranges (ldrs): 6.70-100 μg l-1, 4.18-100 μg l-1 and 10.32-100 μg l-1, limits of detection (lods): 1.38 μg l-1, 2.21 μg l-1 and 5.42 μg l-1, limits of quantification (loqs): 6.70 μg l-1, 4.18 μg l-1and 10.32 μg l-1 for kz, cz and mz respectively.