residues of multi-class pesticides from cow and human milk samples from iran using uhplc-ms/ms and gc-ecd: a probabilistic health risks study

Raw, pasteurized, powdered cow milk and human milk samples from the capital city, tehran were analyzed for investigation the residual of fifty important pesticides by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (gc-ecd) and mass detector for confirmation; and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (uhplc-ms/ms). no pesticide residue was evaluated in more than 91% of samples; in 3 human milk samples residue of organochlorine pesticides, p,p′-ddt and p,p′-ddd was recognized below mrls. only in 1 human sample residue of p,p′-dde was more than codex mrl. dimethoate residue was detected in 3 raw milk samples, more than eu mrl. hi in adults and children were 0.72 and 3.55, respectively. however, the health risk assessment based on hi demonstrated that adult consumers are not at considerable risk. hi, more than 1 in children confirms the risks of organochlorine (ocp) and organophosphorus (opp) pesticide exposure threaten consumer health in iranian children. in addition, there is no carcinogenic risk to milk consumers due to cr 7.88e-09.this study aimed to evaluate the residual levels of pesticides and the health risks of pesticide exposure through milk consumption. assessing the health risks of contaminants present in all types of milk using the monte carlo simulation showed that adults are not at significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk [1,2]. nevertheless, due to dimethoate in raw milk, children are considerable at non-carcinogenic risk. therefore, implement good farming practices on farms, improve the knowledge and consciousness of pesticide users, use safe further methods for pest control such as biotechnology-based, and use a rational program for application of pesticides, continuous monitoring of pesticides in crops, and tough government regulations on pesticide residues in food are recommended.