pre-concentration and determination of trace amounts of bismuth in human urine by electrospun nanofiber fabricated by pvc/aliquat® 336

Electrospun polymer fibers including pvc and aliquat 336, as the form round disks, have been used in a solid phase extraction method for the preconcentration followed by faas determination of trace amount of bi(iii) [1, 2]. to the best of our knowledge, no report has been presented so far based on the method presented in this paper for the preconcentration-determination of bismuth. in this research, for electrospinning of polymer fibers, polyvinyl chloride (pvc) was used as the base polymer and trioactylmethyl ammonium chloride (aliquat® 336) was used as an anion exchange extractor [3]. first, the instrumental factors influencing the structure of polymer fibers were investigated. the potential, distance between the tip of the needle and the collector, and appropriate flow rate were determined. the extraction of bismuth was studied using electrospun fibers in chloride ion medium, and it was observed that the chloride ion concentration was extremely effective on the extraction, with the lowest necessary concentration being 0.5 m. the extraction flow rate was set to 250 ml/min as the minimum. a solution of edta /nh3 was found to be the most efficient factor in the back-extraction of bismuth from electrospun fibers. the effects of zinc, lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, iron, cobalt, manganese, calcium, magnesium cations and nitrate, sulphate, chloride, thiosulfate, fluoride, and acetate anions on extraction and back-extraction were investigated, and the lowest quantity that was ineffective was determined. the evaluated polymer fibers were extracted and back-extracted at least four times without losing efficiency. the studied fibers were used to evaluate bismuth in human urine and river water samples using the standard addition method, and it was discovered that this methodology can quantify bismuth at a concentration of 5µg/liter.