development of a model for a closed-loop supply chain network via applying a queueing system approach uncertainty

Climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions is the most important issue in the world, threatening our lives. on the other hand, with an increase in population, energy consumption has become important along with environmental issues. therefore, the current research developed a model for a closed-loop logistic via a queuing system considering concepts under uncertainty to decrease energy consumption and environmental effects. the network includes suppliers, production and distribution site, customer, and repair and disposal sites. the developed model is a non-linear model that is solved with gems software. finally, applying the concepts of queuing system, helped to optimize the supply chain network.