cultural experiences in confronting the dilemmas of takfir in the islamic world

In the vast scope of mankind’s socio-political life, extremism has appeared in various forms including both political and cultural aspects related to race, ethnicity, and religion. considering that extremism is a highly broad phenomenon, this article intends to focus on religious extremism and possible reactions to this phenomenon. in the world of politics, religious extremism is demarcated as an immediate source of violence and insecurity. political actors’ attempts in decision making over policy and security issues are mainly concentrated on coping with this phenomenon thus controlling this issue is prioritized in their agenda. nevertheless, minimizing reversibility is considered as the most central issue in resolving the dilemma of extremism in crisis management. in addition, non-military responses, represented in cultural products such as films, novels, and music, can play a constructive role in introducing remedies for limiting the re-emergence of extremism and its spread. accordingly, applying a descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to explain how husseini employs novels, as a cultural form of a political response, to address various dimensions of religious extremism. it is presupposed that novels, by illustrating various religious interpretations and perceptions, inform the audience about the presence of multiple interactions of actors regarding restricting the reversibility of extremism in the process of cultural-political changes.