اثرگذاری گردشگری بر اقتصاد

ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﻗﻄﺎرﻫﺎی ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ، ﻫﻮاﭘﯿﻤﺎ و ﮐﺸﺘﯿﻬﺎی ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺤﯽ ﻣﺠﻠﻞ ﻧﺒﻮده اﻣﺎ ﻣﺮدم ﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮرﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺗﻨﮕﺎﺗﻨﮓ دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﺪی ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯽ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی دارد ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت ﻧﻤﯿﮑﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی درﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ رﺷﺪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮی داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت وﯾﮋه ، ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ، ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی به ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺪل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﺑﺰارﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﭘﺎﯾﺪار دراﮐﺜﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺨﺶ گردﺷﮕﺮی ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ درﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ داﺧﻠﯽ دارد اﻣﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر وﯾﮋه ای دارد.ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻬﺎی ﺷﻐﻠﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘﺮ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ درآﻣﺪ، اﯾﺠﺎد اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ، ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ درآﻣﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ اﺿﺎﻓﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺮاﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر وﯾﮋه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن و ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻬﺎ در ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ دﻧﯿﺎ اﻣﮑﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﮐﺜﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﺑﺮای دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺷﺮوع ﻣﯿﮑﻨﻨﺪ و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻧﯿﺰ اﯾﻨﮑﺎر را اﻧﺠﺎم داده اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯿﻬﺎی اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان از زﻣﺎن ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی، ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ورودی را ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ ﻗﺒﻮل ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. درآﻣﺪ ارزی را ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺻﺎدراﺗﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ، از اﯾﻦ درآﻣﺪ ﻣﯿﺘﻮان در ﺟﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺮد. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯿﮑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ، ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداری از ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی آن اﺳﺖ ، ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻣﯿﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.در اداﻣﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در اینمقاﻟﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎی اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدد . ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی درآﻣﺪﻫﺎ و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ دارد . اﺑﻌﺎد ﺧﺎص دﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درآﻣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ،اﺛﺮات روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ، اﺑﻌﺎد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﺷﺘﻐﺎل در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ و ﺗﺮﻏﯿﺐ و ﺗﺸﻮﯾﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاری و.... ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از اﯾﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﻖ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.

the effects of tourism on the economy

the tourism industry is the largest and most diverse industry in the world. the impact of tourism on the increase of employment and foreign exchange earnings, the prosperity of domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation has caused the attitude of the countries of the world towards its border to change and find an important place in the government s policies. the growth and development of tourism is completely dependent on the economy and development of a tourist destination. however, other important factors affect tourism and we must keep in mind that tourism is mainly determined by economic factors. because economic factors determine other vital factors that are necessary for tourism. tourism can be considered as a very diverse and complex industry that affects the society. positive and negative effects are created through tourism in a destination. therefore, in this research, the effects of tourism on the economy, whether tourism is one of the main economic activities or close to it.