رویه قضایی دیوان عدالت اداری در تحقق مقررات حقوق سیاسی

ﻗﻀﺎت در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎدی در دادرﺳﯽ اداری ﺟﻬﺖ رﻓﻊ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻪ مقررات حقوق سیاسی اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. در ﻗﺮاﺋﺖ حقوق سیاسی اﯾﻦ مقررات حقوقی ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎی اﻟﺰام آوری ﺷﻤﺮده ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ آنﻫﺎ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺑﺮای ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎت اداری، ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در ﺣﻮزه اِﻋﻤﺎل ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺖ اﺧﺘﯿﺎری، ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ مقررات از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻮی و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪی ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ، از ﺣﻘﻮق ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻣﻔﻬﻮم مقررات ﺣﻘﻮق از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، ﺧﻂﻣﺸﯽ، روح ﻗﺎﻧﻮن، ارزش و ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آن، ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ مقررات حقوقی در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ارزشﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺧﻮد، ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ و ﺗﺄﺛﺮ در ﻧﻈﻢ ﻫﻨﺠﺎری ﺣﻘﻮق ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات ﺟﺪی اﺛﺒﺎتﮔﺮاﯾﺎن ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺗﺤﺖ آﻣﻮزه اﻧﺴﺠﺎم و اﻗﺘﺪار ﻧﻈﻢ ﻫﻨﺠﺎری ﺣﻘﻮق، ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ تحقیق درﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ مقررات حقوق سیاسی ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ارزشﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﺺ اداره ﺧﻮب و ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در دادرﺳﯽ اداری، از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻗﺴﺎم مقررات حقوقی ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﺒﻮده و مقررات حقوقی ذاﺗﺎً ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﺧﺎص ﺣﻘﻮق را دارﻧﺪ. مقررات حقوقی از ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺑﻮده و در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ذاﺗﺎً ﺑﺪان ﭘﺎﯾﺒﻨﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺎﻫﻮی مقررات حقوقی در ﺣﻮزه ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﯾﺺ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻔﺮدی ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزی و ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺣﮑﻤﯽ، از ﻣﻨﺼﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻤﯽ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ تحقیق ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ای ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی از مقررات حقوق سیاسی ﻣﯿﺎن آرای ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ دﯾﻮان ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اداری و ﻧﯿﺰ دادرﺳﯽﻫﺎی اداری ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی آﻟﻤﺎن، اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن، اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه، ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ واﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ اروﭘﺎ درﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از آنﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪاز: مقررات ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺖ، مقررات ﻣﻨﻊ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه، مقررات اﻧﺼﺎف، مقررات اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﻣﺸﺮوع، مقررات ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ، مقررات ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ، مقررات ﻣﻨﻊ ﺳﻮءاﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺪرت، مقررات ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﻘﯿّﺪ و ﻏﯿﺮه.

jurisprudence of the court of administrative justice in fulfilling the provisions of political rights

for many years, judges have referred to the provisions of political rights in administrative proceedings in order to overcome the shortcomings of the subject law. in the reading of political rights, these legal regulations are considered as mandatory norms, which are necessary for all administrative authorities to comply with when making decisions, especially in the field of exercising discretionary authority. on the one hand, these regulations help the substantive and effective rule of law, and on the other hand, they protect the rights of citizens against government actions. the basis of the regulations of the laws, because of the jurisdiction, the spirit, the spiritual spirit, its value, and its value, the legal regulations in their valuable, valuable, valuable regulations. anyway, it is in place, and it is in the context of which the theory is the serious positivists have been confronted mainly under the principle of harmony and authority of the normative legal system. in this research, it was found that political law regulations are abstractly distinguished from other types of legal regulations with two characteristics derived from the representation of specific values of good governance and being identified in administrative proceedings; but this distinction is not absolute, and legal regulations, by their nature of discourse, have the ability to be redefined in each of the special fields of law. legal regulations are different from the legal rule and in its formal structure it is a function of the law of obedience which the legal rules are inherently bound to; however, the content structure of legal regulations operates in the field of law of balance, which goes out of the general framework of legal rules with unique characteristics such as optimization and judicial amendment. in this research, many examples of political law regulations were found among the judicial decisions of the court of administrative justice and also the administrative proceedings of the countries of germany, england, the united states, france, and the european union, some of which are: legality regulations , regulations to prevent mistakes, regulations fairness, regulations of legitimate expectations, proportionality regulations, transparency regulations, regulations to prevent abuse of power, regulations to prevent restrictions, etc. key words: political law regulations, unified law school, judicial procedure, administrative justice court.