critical review on co2 capture, storage and utilization: prospects and priorities

In the path to a net-zero carbon and energy transition from fossil fuel, the world is facing a dilemma of growing global energy demand and required actions on climate-related risks. while over 80% of the current global energy needs are supplied by fossil fuels, 88% of estimated world greenhouse gas emissions is related to fossil fuels due to combustion, extraction, flaring and venting of associated gas. furthermore, carbon intensity (ci) of upstream production, defined as kg co2e per barrel oil, has increased due to a growing reliance on unconventional and heavy oils and depletion trends in conventional resources, which make the energy sector the most sensitive sector impacted by an acceleration in the transition to green economy. on the other hand, most of the fossil fuel dependent countries (ffdcs) are least prepared for the energy transition in terms of exposure and resilience to carbon emissions associated with their oil production. therefore, the role of oil and gas companies on developing strategies for lower carbon technologies and applying ccus workflows for sustainable resource management is highlighted to smooth the low-carbon transition period.in response to kyoto-paris agreement targets, the national committee of climate change in iran has pledged 4% cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 relative to business as usual. the development plan to reach this goal has focused mainly on cyclic power plants, nuclear energy, renewable energies, flare management and improvements in terms of energy efficiency and natural gas-based fuels. however, the strategies on carbon capture, sequestration and utilization is not yet integrated.the focus of this work is on carbon capture and separation techniques, storage and utilization methods and prospects and challenges of utilization scenarios such as enhanced oil and gas recovery (eor-egr).