novel nanotechnological approaches for non-invasive glucose monitoring : a review

Diabetes mellitus a chronic metabolic disease is becoming an increasingly prevalent epidemic that lasts until the end of a person s life affecting critical socio-economic conditions. conventional detection methods of blood glucose concentration requires skin pricking which causes people to suffer from the invasive nature of current commercial glucometers. recently many research groups have been working to develop non-invasive and continuous glucose monitoring systems. the use of wearable technology approaches and skin biosensors such as microfluidic sensor patch, infrared nanoantennas, on-chip electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles (gnps) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (swcnts) helps to minimize the complications of diagnosis. this review deals with the recent developments in the field of non-invasive biological nano-biosensors, measuring bioactive molecules in physiological body fluids such as tears, saliva, urine and sweat. finally the challenges and perspectives in the optimization and development of biosensors based on nanotechnology for the personal management of diabetes in a non-invasive manner are discussed.