electrochemical detection of uric acid in biological samples using nanostructure sensor

Aim and background: uric acid (ua) is a natural waste product from the purine metabolism in the human body. extreme levels of ua in blood and urine cause illnesses such as gout/arthritis, kidney disease and renal dysfunction. therefore, sensitive detection of ua in blood and urine is clinically vital for suitable diagnosis and self-healthcare. this work reports carbon paste electrode modified by nitio3 nanoparticle (nitio3/cpe) as a biosensor for electrochemical determination of ua. methods: at first, nitio3 nanoparticle was synthesis using sol-gel method. then nitio3 nanopowder dispersed in water and added into graphite powder. after evaporation of the solvent, paraffin oil added and mixed for 30 min. the mixture was packed into the syringe. finally, electrochemical behavior of ua on this sensor investigated by various techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry.results and discussion: the characterization of the sensor studied using sem and eis techniques. after optimizing the experimental conditions, the nitio3/cpe exhibited significant electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity towards uric acid oxidation compared to cpe. this is due to the larger surface area and superior electron transfer of the electrode in presence of nitio3 nanoparticles. this sensor also showed remarkable repeatability and stability, wide linear range and low detection limit.conclusion: consequently, nitio3/cpe was employed for the determination of ua in real samples with satisfactory results.